오키나와 수리성1

Shisa 시샤

일본 최남단의 섬 오키나와 도쿄에서 비행기로 3시간 이상 걸린다.

From Okinawa, Japan's southernmost island, Tokyo takes more than three hours by plane.

日本の最南端の島、沖縄、東京から飛行機で3時間以上かかる。

오키나와는 예로부터 무역을 중국과 한 이유로 중국의 문화가 많이 보인다. 그중에 시샤라는 동물 역시 중국문화의 영향이다. 주로 로칸의 정문

궁전이나 집의 기와 양 모서리 장식을 하며 주로 쌍을 이룬다. 불이나 악령을 잡는다는 의미다.

Shisa is a traditional Ryukyuan decoration, often in pairs, resembling a cross between a lion and a dog, from Okinawan mythology. People place pairs of shisa on their rooftops or flanking the gates to their houses. Shisa are wards, believed to protect from some evils. When in pairs, the left shisa traditionally has a closed mouth, the right one an open mouth.The open mouth wards off evil spirits, and the closed mouth keeps good spirits in.

シーサーは、沖縄県などでみられる伝説の獣の像。建物の門や屋根、村落の高台などに据え付けられる。家や人、村に災いをもたらす悪霊を追い払う魔除けの意味を持ち、屋根の上に設置されるケースが多いとされる

류큐국의 왕성으로, 오키나와 현 내 최대 규모의 성(구스쿠)이다. 전쟁 전에는 세이덴 등이 국보였지만, 1945년의 오키나와 전투,전쟁 후의 류큐 대학 건설에 의해 완벽하게 파괴되어, 얼마 안되는 성벽이나 건물의 기초등의 일부가 남아있다. 1980년대 전말의 류큐대학의 니시하라 정으로 이전과 함께, 본격적인 복원은 1980년대 말부터 행해져, 1992년에, 세이덴 등 옛 유적을 묻어서 되돌리는 형태로 복원되었다. 1993년에 방송된 NHK 대하 드라마 《류큐의 바람》의 무대가 되었다. 2000년 12월, “구스쿠 유적 및 류큐국 유적”으로 세계문화유산으로 등록되었지만, 등록은 “슈리성 터”(しゅりじょうあと)로, 복원된 건물이나 성벽은 세계유산이 아니다. 주위에는 같은 세계유산에 등록된 다마우둔, 소노햔우다키 석문 외, 제2쇼씨의 보다이 절인 엔카쿠 절 터, 국학 공자 묘적, 뱃놀이가 행해진 연못인 류후치, 베자이덴도 등의 문화재가 있다.

The date of construction is uncertain, but it was clearly in use as a castle during the Sanzan period (1322–1429). It is thought that it was probably built during the Gusuku period, like many other castles of Okinawa. When King Shō Hashi unified the three principalities of Okinawa and established the Ryūkyū Kingdom, he used Shuri Castle as a residence. At the same time, Shuri flourished as the capital and continued to do so during the Second Shō Dynasty.　For 450 years from 1429, it was the royal court and administrative center of the Ryūkyū Kingdom. It was the focal point of foreign trade, as well as the political, economic, and cultural heart of the Ryūkyūs. According to records, Shuri Castle was burned down several times, but rebuilt each time. It was captured by the armies of Satsuma during the 1609 Invasion of Ryukyu, during the reign of Shō Nei. After the Kingdom was annexed by Japan in 1879, the King was removed and the castle was used as a barracks by the Japanese army.　Before World War II, it was designated a national treasure. However, during the war, the Japanese military set up its headquarters in the castle underground, and, beginning on May 25, 1945, the American battleship USS Mississippi (BB-41) shelled it for three days。On May 27, it burned.  After the battle, a Confederate battle flag (which personally belonged to the company commander) was hoisted above the castle by the "Rebel Company" A of the 5th Marine Regiment. It was visible for over two miles and stayed above the castle for three days until it was removed by General Simon B. Buckner, Jr. (son of Confederate General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Sr.), who stated that Americans from all parts of America helped to win the battle.　After the war, the University of the Ryūkyūs moved to the castle site, where it remained until 1975. In 1958, the Shureimon gate was reconstructed and, in 1992, the main building of the castle was reconstructed. At present, the entire area around the castle has been established as Shuri Castle Park. In 2000, along with other gusuku and related sites, it was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

首里城（しゅりじょう、スイグスク）は、沖縄県那覇市首里にあり、かつて海外貿易の拠点であった那覇港を見下ろす丘陵地にあったグスク（御城）の城趾である。琉球王朝の王城で、沖縄県内最大規模の城であった。戦前は正殿などが国宝であったが、1945年（昭和20年）の沖縄戦と戦後の琉球大学建設により完全に破壊され、わずかに城壁や建物の基礎などの一部が残っている。1980年代前半の琉球大学の西原町への移転にともない、本格的な復元は1980年代末から行われ、1992年（平成4年）に、正殿などが旧来の遺構を埋め戻す形で復元された。1993年（平成5年）に放送されたNHK大河ドラマ「琉球の風」の舞台になった。1999年（平成11年）には都市景観100選を受賞。その後2000年（平成12年）12月、「琉球王国のグスク及び関連遺産群」として世界遺産に登録されたが、登録は「首里城跡（しゅりじょうあと）」であり、復元された建物や城壁は世界遺産ではない。周辺には同じく世界遺産に登録された玉陵、園比屋武御嶽石門のほか、第二尚氏の菩提寺である円覚寺（えんかくじ）跡、国学孔子廟跡、舟遊びの行われた池である龍潭、弁財天堂（べざいてんどう、天女橋）などの文化財がある。

수리정각의 정문

Seiden (main hall) of Shuri Castle

正殿正面

메인 홀

正殿

main hall

오키나와는 일본 본토와 다른 나라였다.

Okinawa is Japan was one of the Mainland and other countries

沖縄は日本本土とは別の国だった

1945년 모두 소실되었던 수리성

All of the in 1945, disappeared

1945年米軍の連合軍によって完全に消失した

1998년 장기간을 거쳐 재건되었다.

1998, the main building of the castle was reconstructed

1998年に再建された

세계 수장들 방문했다.

World national leaders have visited

世界国家首脳が訪問した

오키나와 대표 유적

In a typical simbol ruins of Okinawa.

沖縄の代表的な遺跡である。